Pride and Prejudice: A Contemporary View

The hardest thing about this venture, as I would like to think, was in actuality not the sort of research it took to come to the end results introduced in this paper, yet the way toward gathering them into something that may bode well by any stretch of the imagination. I have come to discover that there are such a significant number of equals among Pride and Prejudice and its cutting edge partner, You've Got Mail, and less significantly The Shop Around the Corner, that assembling them includes more than one may envision. Regardless, I found that You've Got Mail is even more a blend of The Shop Around the Corner and Pride and Prejudice than The Shop Around the Corner is identified with Pride and Prejudice by any stretch of the imagination. In investigating Pride and Prejudice and You've Got Mail, I found that most significant parts of the film are like issues introduced in Pride and Prejudice. Nonetheless, the as often as possible adjusted introduction of these occasions when depicted in You've Got Mail at first drove me to consider them to appear as something else. This had more to do with the idea of job inversion than everything else. By and by, there were a couple of minor contrasts, every one of which, alongside the major and minor similitudes between the novel and the film, I will completely analyze and examine in this paper. Most importantly, I would need to state point of fact that You've Got Mail is an effective adjustment to Pride and Prejudice, with the absolute most remarkable association between the two being the declaration of an evolving society. As would be evident to any watcher, peruser, or expert, this is done effectively through the characters of Kathleen Kelly and Joe Fox, who in various ways speak to Miss Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Fitzwillam Darcy in Pride and Prejudice. At the point when I state distinctive I imply that Kathleen isn't generally Elizabeth and Joe isn't really Darcy. Indeed, when contrasted with their relating social circumstances in Pride and Prejudice, Kathleen is Mr. Darcy, while Joe speaks to Elizabeth. I state this since I understand that when we give our compassion to Kathleen's predicament in You've Got Mail and to Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice, consequently interfacing the two characters, we are not considering how perusers of Pride and Prejudice when it was composed felt when understanding it. As they would like to think, it needed to have been Darcy who confronted the issue, not Elizabeth. In both the book and novel the conventional ways, regardless of whether they are of Victorian Era England or the Upper West Side, are by and large unavoidably supplanted by new social or monetary principles. In Pride and Prejudice the honorable class was sinking as the white collar class rose, with the working class seen a lot of like a cutting edge affix store in contrast with a great book shop that had been doing business for ages. It is along these lines that Elizabeth's family is appeared as an infection in highborn England much as the FoxBooks establishment is to glad Upper West Siders. Not exclusively was the cultural circumstance of Pride and Prejudice all around spoke to in You've Got Mail, yet in addition FoxBooks consummately reflecting the â€Å"invasion† of a respectable family by one with offensive associations played it out with the takeover of Kathleen's shop. It was this and a distinction of habits that at first kept the characters separated in the two books yet was vanquished by a development in their comprehension of one another. Regardless, the characters of You've Got Mail help demonstrate the association with the novel's cultural viewpoints for the most part in that of Frank, Kathleen's sweetheart. He speaks to the qualities in a character that were appeared in one like Lady Catherine, in which he disdains that the new world and innovation are dominating. â€Å"You think this current machine's your companion, however it's not† are his underlying words to Kathleen about her utilization of the PC. As a piece of current society, he despises it, and on account of her circumstance, she is some way or another normal to share those emotions. She doesn't, which is an enormous piece of her association with Darcy's character, which is normal by all, including Elizabeth, to be glad and to never connect with those of a less honorable blood than his own. Kathleen's separation with Frank communicates their interior contrasts, similarly as Darcy is composed as unique in relation to most blue-bloods in his overlooking class lines in perceiving ethics. Kathleen Kelly is constantly appeared as the courageous woman in You've Got Mail as a result of her battle to keep her little, expensive shop open in the shadow of the ‘terrible' FoxBooks Store. Similarly, Darcy can be viewed as fearless in his interior clash of whether to split away from social norms put upon him by his family. These equivalent desires are in some structure set on Kathleen, who runs her store in her mom's shadow. She cherishes the store, yet somehow or another is appeared as one of those in You've Got Mail who is the least influenced by its end. The individuals who most effectively wish the shop to remain open are the individuals who have grown up with it in their neighborhood. As Kathleen proclaims in an attack of enthusiastic displeasure to Joe, â€Å"People may not recollect me, either, however bunches of individuals recall my mom. In contrasting Kathleen's respectable battle with that of Darcy's, I am not undermining Elizabeth Bennet as the courageous woman of Pride and Prejudice, rather I am essentially looking at two characters whose circumstances in life analyze, paying little mind to whatever else. Despite the fact that the financial circumstances in You've Got Mail intently mirror the social issues in Pride and Prejudice, there are as yet a lot more likenesses between the book and the film, and furthermore between the video and the film it was initially founded on, The Shop Around the Corner. The one primary comparability between each of the three was that of the adoration detest relationship that characterizes Darcy and Elizabeth and is reflected in Joe and Kathleen and Kralik and Klara in The Shop Around the Corner. In Pride and Prejudice, Darcy and Elizabeth are from the start and all through the greater part of the book kept separated by their clashing social statuses, similarly as Joe and Kathleen are kept separated by their business rivalry. The characters of Kralik and Klara really help clarify the two different connections in light of the fact that similarly as they are kept separated by rivalry in the work environment, they stay in contact through letters without knowing who the other one is. They detest one another, as do Joe and Kathleen, face to face, however the two couples obviously have a relationship where regardless of their emotions that the other is a terrible individual, they discover every others valid statements on the web or by post. This is appeared in The Shop Around the Corner in a statement from Klara, who says to Kralik, â€Å"Why, I could give you letters that would open your eyes. No, I surmise you likely wouldn't comprehend what's in them. They're composed by a sort of man so far better than you it isn't even entertaining. A similar fundamental explanation is made by Kathleen to Joe in You've Got Mail, where she comments, â€Å"The man who is coming here today around evening time is totally not normal for you. There is definitely not a pitiless or ungenerous bone in his body. † This, the way that Klara uncovers that there were times Kralik could have â€Å"swept her off her feet†, and the undeniable thought that Joe and Kathleen could get along had they not been â€Å"FoxBooks and The Shop Around the Corner† gives some knowledge into the more mind boggling characters of Elizabeth and Darcy, who were clearly directly for one another from the beginning, yet had been kept separated on terrible details. Albeit each couple may have been directly for one another, they may have been kept separated by something other than business or class lines. They hurt each other's pride, which was something that must be brought about by terrible habits and fixed by great ones. This thought finishes in the scene in Pride and Prejudice where Darcy proposes to Elizabeth just because, and in the two motion pictures in the bistro scenes where the couple was as far as anyone knows to meet just because as mail journalists. In every one of the three, the characters emit at the others' assault on their pride and become so furious, all compromise may appear to be unimaginable. From the earliest starting point, as soon as, I may nearly say, of my colleague with you, your habits intriguing me with the fullest conviction of your haughtiness, your arrogance, and your narrow minded contempt of the sentiments of others, were, for example, to shape that foundation of objection on which succeeding occasions have manufactured so relentless an abhorrence; and I had not known you a month prior to I felt that you were the last man on the planet whom I would ever be persuaded to wed. † These expressions of Elizabeth Bennet influenced Darcy similarly that those of Kathleen and Klara influenced Joe and Kralik, separately. In other words, it hurt his pride. A great deal. Regardless, this experience served to cause Darcy to develop, as for way and his administration of pride. A similar impact was had on Joe and Kralik, and they pardoned Kathleen and Klara meanwhile. This further propelled their connections in the end prompting every one of the three couples winding up in adoration with one another notwithstanding all chances against them. Habits were a significant piece of Pride and Prejudice and were reflected in You've Got Mail through correspondence. Great habits were appeared by email while awful ones were clear in Joe and Kathleen's loudly damaging relationship, their shirking of one another, and in their misperceptions of the other. As I would see it, the Gardiners, who united Darcy and Elizabeth in the book, had a great deal to do with the idea of email and habits in You've Got Mail. Their actual selves were clarified on the web, and once Joe took in reality, he started to see past what had been going on among them and became hopelessly enamored with Kathleen. She, obviously, still had the misperception of him that had been directed by their financial/social relationship, and even this faded away after Joe gave her a portion of the great habits she had been presented to all through their web relationship. This careful circumstance was shown in The Shop Around the Corner, and with a couple of surface differen

Coffee Trends in Singapore Essay

†¢In 2011, the all out volume development of espresso was 5%, which was a comparative pattern as in 2010 due to the persistent solid financial development in Singapore. Because of the high thickness of on-exchange channels including binded neighborhood bistros, for example, Ya Kun Kaya Toast and Old Town White Coffee and tied Western-style specific cafés, for example, Starbucks and Gloria Jean’s Coffee, espresso drinking society has infiltrated into the Singaporean market. The makers have likewise propelled excellent items in the off-exchange channel. Henceforth, shoppers are trying to have the true excellent prepared espresso at home. Serious LANDSCAPE †¢Nestlà © Singapore Pte Ltd kept on posting the main situation as far as off-exchange esteem deals with a 40% worth offer. This achievement could be credited to its consistent innovative work just as the regular limited time battles due to the companies’ monetary scale, which can continue pulling in the buyers. Due to the companies’ worldwide solid nearness, the organization creates moment espresso items as well as upgrades the new espresso class by presenting the espresso machines and new espresso cases, for example, Nespresso and Nescafã © Dolce Gusto. Possibilities †¢Total volume of espresso is relied upon to increment by 2% CAGR over the foreacst period. Thinking about the audit time frame, this development is somewhat moderate, which mirrors the current dubious worldwide financial condition. Albeit neighborhood customers are getting increasingly wealthy and have progressively discretionary cashflow, their utilization designs are probably going to follow the monetary viewpoint in Singapore, which will reflect, specifically, the development in on-exchange volume.

What is Weight Stigma

What is Weight Stigma Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention Print What is Weight Stigma? By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 01, 2018 Christopher Futcher/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Weight stigma  or  bias  generally refers to negative attitudes toward a person because they are overweight or obese. The assumption that larger individuals are lazy or lacking in willpower is pervasive in our society, and weight bias is observed in children as young as 3â€"that’s right,  3 years old. Larger individuals face discrimination in a plethora of domains. Stigma towards individuals of size harms people of all sizes. Weight stigma is a common form of discrimination in our society. Notice how it is rarely challenged?  The word “fat” has morphed from a simple description into a foul word. And research shows that weight discrimination is increasing. The war on obesity, which sometimes seems intended to scare and shame people into dieting, is partly to blame. The diet industry, which falsely suggests that one can choose one’s weight on the scale, also contributes. In fact, diets rarely work in the long-term. Weight is largely determined by genetic and additional factors that are outside of an individual’s control. Other factors contributing to weight stigma include our culture’s focus on the thin ideal and media portrayals of overweight individuals as objects of ridicule. In print media, larger weight individuals are often depicted eating junk food and with heads cut off, which reinforces the stereotype and dehumanizes them. Examples of Weight Stigma Research shows that larger individuals face discrimination in the workplace, barriers in education, and negative attitudes from healthcare professionals.  Below are some examples of weight stigma: Geoffrey Miller, a tenured psychology professor at the University of New Mexico and a visiting professor at New York University, sent out a fat-shaming tweet: Dear obese Ph.D. applicants: if you didn’t have the willpower to stop eating carbs, you won’t have the willpower to do a dissertation #truth.Project Harpoon appeared on Facebook with photos of larger bodied models and celebrities contrasted with photo-shopped images of them to show how they would appear slimmer.Young children commonly encounter weight-related teasing and bullying.  For example, one young child reported being called “fatty-pants” and “big, fat, elephant girl” in preschool.  Increasingly smaller airline seats do not accommodate larger passengers and airlines may require larger passengers to purchase an additional seat.  Television shows popular amongst children contain up to 14 instances of fat shaming per episode.  Usually, no one stands up to the shamer, and the teasing is often followed by laughter .Larger-bodied patients who go to see a medical doctor are commonly told that all of their symptoms are a result of being overweight; so their complaints are not fully investigated.   Shaming is not effective at getting individuals to lose weight.  In fact, it is dangerous. Research shows that weight stigma contributes to binge eating and weight gain, both of which can be harmful physically and emotionally. Weight stigma is also a contributor to shame and fuel for eating disorders.   Individuals who live in larger bodies regularly experience weight stigma.  Activities as basic as exercising, eating a meal, and shopping may all evoke teasing and/or the feeling that one’s body is not acceptable and thereby increasing feelings of shame and anxiety. Individuals in smaller bodies are affected by weight stigma, too.  Fear of being fat can drive some of the behaviors that cause eating disorders and make recovery more difficult.   To learn more about weight stigma and to help fight against it, follow along on Weight Stigma Awareness Week, run by the Binge Eating Disorder Association (BEDA).  The week will include webinars, tweet chats, and thought-provoking articles.   The UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity is a multi-disciplinary policy research center  and a leader in research and policy on weight stigma.  They have numerous resources, including Guidelines for Media Portrayals of Individuals Affected by Obesity and Toolkits for Healthcare Providers for Preventing Weight Bias.

Prenatal And Routine Postnatal Hiv Screening - 1820 Words

I. Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diagnoses are increasing among women in the United States; as a result there is an increase in newborns born with HIV via vertical transmission, accounting for nearly all pediatric AIDS cases in the US. Between 1999 and 2000, about 370 HIV infected infants were born, 40% of which were born to mothers who were unaware of their HIV status before delivery. Without antiretroviral therapy or other forms of intervention, 25% of infected pregnant women will transmit the virus to their child during pregnancy, labor or delivery, or after delivery. In recent years, systematic reviews and peer reviewed studies have suggested that mandatory screening for HIV in pregnant women is a cost-effective†¦show more content†¦The study found that with the prenatal screening program, requiring pregnant women be screened for HIV, more women would be tested (about 1.1 million), identifying 527 HIV infected pregnant women and prevent 150 mother-infan t transmission of HIV annually. This program would increase life years by 3,311 among newborns and cost an estimated $8,900 per life year gained, or $195,700 per case of HIV avoided. The new born screening program, requiring all newborn infants be screened, would result in 3.9 million infants tested annually and would prevent 266 cases of newborn HIV infection. This method would identify 1,061 HIV infected women who gave birth and increase life years by 5,878. The annual cost of the program is an estimated $40.9 million, or $7,000 per life year gained, and $153,000 per prevented HIV cases. The benefits of the newborn screening program decrease if pregnant women agree to participate in the prenatal program; however, it is argued that newborn screening is a non-consensual method of screening pregnant women (Zaric, G., Bayoumi, A., Brandeau, M., Owens, D. 2000). Similar to Zaric’s study, Josephine A. Mauskopf conducted a study on the impact of HIV treatment in pregnant women an d their newborns. Cost was defined and estimated as Zaric defined cost and the conclusions were

Race Riots Advancement for African Americans in America Essay

Race riots in America is a story told so little, but a story that is key to the hard work and road laid for African Americans. In the 20th century in times where we knew African Americans fought persistently for Civil Rights, seldom is their the story about the early 20th century. In the beginnings of the 20th century Riots broke out across all of the United States, over eight issues which included the following: Prejudice, Economic Competition, Political Corruption and Exploitation of Negro Voters, Police Inefficiency, Newspaper Lies about Negro Crime, Unpunished Crimes Against Negroes, Housing, Reaction of Whites and Negroes from War. Over the course of a span of fifty years more than eight riots broke out, including Wilmington race†¦show more content†¦Meaning there was an over throw of the government, kicking out all African Americans out of their political offices. History tells us in brief that the race riot began from Alexander Manly’s response about interracial relations claims made by Rebecca L Felton. â€Å"â€Å"When there is not enough religion in the pulpit to organize a crusade against sin; nor justice in the court house to promptly punish crime; nor manhood enough in the nation to put a sheltering arm about innocence and virtue----if it needs lynching to protect woman’s dearest possession form the ravening human beasts----then I say lynch, a thousand times a week if necessary.† Meaning White men are making it easy for African Americans to rape white women while they work out in their fields. Manly, a paper editor and owner of the Wilmington Daily Record responded to these claims, which are to be expected since he is mulatto. Manly responded stating that African American men are not rapist and push for these relations. Realistically we know this is not the only cause. Wilmington was a city on the rise, having the ability to be the biggest, richest urban city in America; Today’s Atlanta. The population consisted of strong middle class, and professionals; contrary to many people thoughts, All African Americans were not enslaved, poor or illiterate. Many former slaves moved to Wilmington following the war; to make certain that they could remain, there was a Freedmen’s Bureau office set up.Show MoreRelatedAfrican Americans : Slavery And Oppression1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe story(ies) of African Americans today and how their story(ies) have been shaped by slavery and oppression In the mid-1500s, European mariners started bringing black Africans to America as slaves. The slave trade was not new to Europe or Africa. In the eighth century, Moorish merchants traded humans as merchandise throughout the mediterranean. In addition, many West African people kept slaves. West African slaves were usually prisoners of war, criminals, or the lowest-ranked members of casteRead MoreRacism : A Racially Segregated Chicago1550 Words   |  7 PagesChicago had experienced few race riots prior to 1919. However, between April 1919 and October 1919, race riots spanned the nation; this became known as the Red Summer. On July 27, 1919, Chicagoans started to express their emotions on racial issues, which turned into violence, lasting several days and resulting in the deaths, injuries, and displacement of hundreds of people. During this time, Chicagoans opinions regarding racism led to extreme chaos, leaving African Americans and whites fighting withRead MoreRace Relations During The Early Colonization Of America1608 Words   |  7 PagesRace Relations in America Race relations are the ways in which people of different races living together in the same community behave towards one another. through the centuries race relations have played key roles in shaping our nation from the early colonization of America till now. American race relations started in early 1600’s when the English settlers arrived. We see the English arrive in North America where they attempt to establish themselves. Unfortunately the continent was already inhabitedRead MoreSuffrage of African Americans in Red Summer written by Cameron McWhirter1113 Words   |  4 PagesCameron McWhirter, we learn about the suffrage of African Americans after World War 1. At this time, blacks had been searching for peace and equality. Historian Cameron McWhirter in his book says, â€Å"many people—including black families with returning soldiers—fervently hoped 1919 would usher in a new epoch of peace, prosperity, and freedom.† Instead of getting what they wish ed for however, there was a series of violence such as lynchings and anti-black riots that swept around the country. World War 1Read MoreThey Say: Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race, by James W. Davidson. Ida B. Wells as a parallel to African Americans trying to gain empowerment in post-emancipation America1409 Words   |  6 PagesRECONSTRUCTION OF RACE By James West Davidson Ida B. Wells, an African-American woman, and feminist, shaped the image of empowerment and citizenship during post-reconstruction times. The essays, books, and newspaper articles she wrote, instigated the dialogue of race struggles between whites and blacks, while her personal narratives, including two diaries, a travel journal, and an autobiography, recorded the personal struggle of a woman to define womanhood during post-emancipation America. The novel,Read MoreThe National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) states its mission as: â€Å"The NAACP insures the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority groups and citizens; achieves equality of rights and eliminates race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; removes all barriers of racial discrimination through the democratic processes; seeks to enact and enforce federal, state, and local laws securing civil rights; informs the public of the adverse effectsRead MoreThe War For Equality During The 20th Century1218 Words   |  5 Pagesand Chinese out of America itself. In 1896 The Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, determined separate public facilities were constitutional as long they were equal, allowing segregation of racial minorities. Segregated facilities rarely proved equal. While the Supreme Court ruling kept blacks out of white facilities, the Chinese Exclusion Act kept the Chinese out of America. The Chinese Exclusion Act, renewed in 1902, made it increasingly difficult for Chinese to enter America, while also makingRead MoreRace Issues from 1877 to Present991 Words   |  4 PagesCorinne Cowan Professor Cox US History 16 December 2011 Race issues from 1877 to present There are five themes that persist throughout American history. The five themes are mission, manifest destiny, industrialization, imperialism, and race. Racism has been an issue throughout American history. Only in recent years has the problem been resolved, but even now there is still some issues. Some private groups are still against some races. Even though slavery was abolished in 1865 by the thirteenthRead MoreThe Freedom Of Struggles By Adriane Lentz Smith1250 Words   |  5 PagesAdriane had studied history and African American studies. She was successful in everything Adriane did, she had many goals to achieve. One of the goals were to get across one point about how war world 1 and African Americans goes to Europe with American expeditionary forces in World War 1. How the story was a critical movement in the book â€Å"freedom of struggles†. Adriane was an aggressive and powerful writer and wanted everyone to hear her story on African Americans going to war, how back in timeRead MoreNational Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1042 Words   |  5 PagesNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) The mission of the NAACP is to protect and provide the political, educational, social, and economic equality rights of minority groups and citizens; attain equal opportunity of rights and excludes race discrimination between the citizens of the United States. The objectives of this mission are to inform the public of the adverse effects of racial discrimination and to seek its elimination, to seek enactment and enforcement of federal

The Flowers Free Essays

†The Flowers† by Alice Walker Summary: â€Å"The Flowers† 1973 is written by Alice Walker who is an Afro-American author. â€Å"The Flowers† is a short story about a girl named Myop. Myop is a black 10-yeard old girl who lives on a farm with her poor sharecropper family in the countryside. We will write a custom essay sample on The Flowers or any similar topic only for you Order Now She staggers around and plays with animals and discovers beautiful nature in her pleasuring never-ending childhood. But while exploring the land she lives near with flowers in her hands she accidently discovers a horrible crime. The remains of a hanged man reveals in the soil. She lays down her flowers and the summer was over. Analysis: When the ignorance of an innocent child collides with the harsh reality of the miserable slave-history, will the idyllic life, flourishing hopes and dreams of the little ones, soon be gone and forgotten. But this loss of innocence is likely to be replaced by maturity, which makes a clear distinction between child and adult. The story is written as a 3rd person omniscient narrator. The harvesting of corn, cotton, peanuts and squash indicates that the story takes place in the Southern states since these crops were commonly harvested there. Myop and her family live in sharecropper cabin with rusty boards that could indicate that they are poor. Therefore it’s likely that the story is taking place in the 20th century where racial discrimination was at its peak. In the beginning of the story there is dominating use of positive phraseology and the environment is described idyllically. â€Å"†¦ Made each day a golden s urprise that caused excited little tremors to run up her jaws. †3 This idyllic description is also equivalent to how peaceful Myop is enjoying her childhood. She seems to be unaware about her presence in the American society where there was an explicit difference between the black and white. The author tries to describe this racial problem symbolically when she mentions how â€Å"tiny white bubbles disrupt the thin black scale of soil†¦ † But the idyllic setting drastically changes at line 18 when Myop finds herself more than a mile away from home. She is walking further away from her secure surroundings. Now the there is negative use of phraseology such as; Strangeness, not pleasant, gloomy, cove, damp air, silence, close and deep etc. She is no longer secure. When trying to escape the strangeness she steps on her history and reality and she is forced to face the suppression for her first time, this is the symbolic meaning of the corpse she steps on. The man is obviously black since he has been lying there rotten and totally forgotten. His blue denim overall cloths also indicates that he was a black poor farmer or slave. Back in the 1960’s the Ku Kux Klan (KKK) executed a lot of executions where they hang black people in the woods. She tries to ignore this ‘reality and suppression’ when reaching out for a pink flower that she associates with her secure childhood. When she notices the hanging noose spinning restlessly in the breeze she lays down the flowers – laying down the flowers symbolizes Myop letting go of her innocence and secure surroundings. â€Å"And the summer was over† means that her childhood is over and she is entering the life as an adult. T Note 1: Line 1 Note 2: Line 2-3 Note 3: Line 2-3 Note 4: Line 10-11 How to cite The Flowers, Papers

Physician Assisted Suicide Essays (2173 words) - Medical Ethics

Physician Assisted Suicide The mission of this hospital is rooted in our emphasis on the individual, and directed toward providing the highest level of autonomy, beneficance, comfort, healing, privacy and respect for the dignity of the patient. With these as our guiding principles, we evaluated Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) as a possible treatment option at this institution. We have concluded that PAS can be a viable treatment option after making the following considerations: 1. Defing the elements of justified PAS, 2. Consideration of moral justifications, 3. Why personal autonomy is important, 4. Informed consent, and 5. The benefits of the approach of causitry to issues of biomedical ethics. The elements of PAS are an agreement between a physician and the patient on the treatment option after consideration of all other options, (informed consent) conditions consistant with the Oregon state law and the asurance of the agent choosing this course of action in an autonymous nature. Moral arguements question the validity of PAS as an option. We make the determination that PAS can indeed be considered equivelent to other medical decisions regarding whether or not continue treatment in cases where the prognosis is immenent death, or prolonged intense suffering followed by death. If for example, a patient with a terminal illness such as lung cancer has a choice between hospice care, and being made comfortable, or PAS, we can not say that the two approaches are inconsistant with eachother. A patient who refuses treatment and accepts death as a consequence has the right self determination by law. If this action is acceptable under law, it is not unfair to consider PAS as an equivelent means to the same end. Therefore, there will be cases where PAS is most certainly a valid option for the patient. To reach our decision, it is important to understand our view of personal autonomy. We will elaborate on it's relevance and worth in addressing PAS. Finally, criteria for PAS candidates is intricate, and established. Though we justify PAS as a viable treatment option, we do not take issue with the legal criertia established by the state of Oregon. Personal Autonomy Personal autonomy can be characterized as self-determination or the the extent to which an individual actively participates in in how his or her life is lived. Autonomy, therefore, requires some elements of control and choice. Defining autonomy in a being that is both rational and passionate can prove complex and problematic. A differentiation of first and second order volitions will help us conclude the what the exact nature of what defines autonomy. First-order desires are those passions to which the agent is subject to as a living being. The desire to live, procreate, feel secure and content are some examples of these desires. While they are certainly expressions of human passions, they do not account for man's rational capacity, a fundemental facet of human nature. Second-order desires are wants about wants, or the desire to have certain desires. We will focus, however, on second order volitions, which differ from second order desires. Second order volitions involve the wish of an individual that certain first-order desires will motivate him to action. It is the rational choice of the agent which characterizes this, and therefore we will conclude that second-order volitions represent contemplation of a choice by the agent, which leads to a choice that by virtue of this process, is an indication of his true-self. Therefore, it is through these second-order volitions that we exercise autonymous action.1 The expression of rational choice in relation to a first-order desire is what we will define as the main component of an autonymous action. There are those who would oppose this view in lieu of other moral considerations. If the agent has a lack information, or choices, the action in relation to the first-order desire is then no longer autonymous. Therefore, we will require that another dimension to autonomy is the range of options availible to the agent. In order to promote autonomy, it is absolutely essential that informed consent is a focal point of treatment. It is the concept of autonomy which is our guiding force in our formulation of a policy on PAS. PAS as a treatment option has no universal application. In Oregon, where it is legal, two patients with the same doctor, the same illness and the same prognosis can make opposite decisions regarding treatment. If one patient simply chooses to wait for death to occur after stopping treatment, and the other chooses PAS, both of these autonymous actions are therefore equal. They have the same end, and